Foam encapsulation use synthetic detergents as a base that will crystallize into powder form when dries. Loosened dirt particles in carpet fiber will be encapsulated into powder when the applied cleaning foam dries and, finally, vacuumed or brushed when the foam dries after cleaning.

The foam encapsulation cleaning technique has overtaken carpet shampooing technology as the former uses less water during cleaning which result in shorter drying time compared to the carpet shampooing. The foam encapsulation cleaning has received thumbs up by those who advocate using of environmental friendly products because there is less chemical residue left behind after cleaning compared to carpet shampooing.